What is a computer Network?
A network is any collection of independent computers that communicate with one another over a shared network medium. A computer network is a collection of two or more connected computers. When these computers are joined in a network, people can share files and peripherals such as modems, printers, tape backup drives, or CD-ROMdrives. When networks at multiple locations are connected using services available from phone companies, people
can send e-mail, share links to the global Internet, or conduct video conferences in real time with other remote users.
When a network becomes open sourced it can be managed properly with online collaboration software. As
companies rely on applications like electronic mail and database management for core business operations,
computer networking becomes increasingly more important.
Every network includes:
1: At least two computers Server or Client workstation.
2: Networking Interface Card's (NIC)
3: A connection medium, usually a wire or cable, although wireless communication between networked computers and peripherals is also possible.
4: Network Operating system software, such as Microsoft Windows , Unix
and Linux.
Types of Networks:
LANs (Local Area Networks)
A network is any collection of independent computers that communicate with one another over a shared network
medium. LANs are networks usually confined to a geographic area, such as a single building or a college campus.
WANs (Wide Area Networks)
Stands for "Wide Area Network." It is similar to a Local Area Network (LAN), but it's a lot bigger. Unlike LANs, WANs are not limited to a single location. Many wide area networks span long distances via telephone lines, fiber-optic cables, or satellite links. They can also be composed of smaller LANs that are interconnected. The Internet could be described as the biggest WAN in the world.
Virtual Private Network
A VPN is a Virtual Private Network. VPNs allow information to be sent across public networks like the internet. Virtual Private Networks are often used to connect branch offices to the main office or to connect remote users to the branch or main offices of a corporation.
Other Types of Area Networks
While LAN and WAN are by far the most popular network types mentioned, you may also commonly see references to these others:
Wireless Local Area Network - a LAN based on WiFi wireless network technology
Metropolitan Area Network - a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically owned an operated by a single entity such as a government body or large corporation.
Campus Area Network - a network spanning multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus.
Storage Area Network - connects servers to data storage devices through a technology like Fibre Channel.
System Area Network - links high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a cluster configuration. Also known as Cluster Area Network.
Categories of Network:
Network can be divided in to two main
categories:
1: Peer-to-peer.
2: Server – based.
Peer-to-peer
among the computers. All of the computers are equal and therefore known
as peers. Normally each computer serves as Client/Server and there is no
one assigned to be an administrator responsible for the entire network.
Peer-to-peer networks are good choices for needs of small organizations
where the users are allocated in the same general area
Server based
The term Client/server refers to the concept of sharing the work involved in processing data between the client
computer and the most powerful server computer.
The client/server network is the most efficient way to provide:
1: Databases and management of applications such as Spreadsheets, Accounting, Communications and
Document management.
2: Network management.
3: Centralized file storage.
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